What are the components of the biosphere?

The biosphere encompasses all ecosystems on Earth, which includes not only terrestrial and marine environments but also freshwater systems and the interactions among living organisms within these ecosystems. It is the global sum of all ecosystems, representing the zones of life on Earth. This broad definition incorporates the diverse habitats found on land, in water bodies, and even those associated with the atmosphere where life exists.

For this reason, the correct response highlights the comprehensive nature of the biosphere, recognizing that it includes organisms that thrive in various environments—from forests and deserts to oceans and lakes. Additionally, it takes into account how these ecosystems interact and contribute to the overall health and stability of the planet.

Other options mention only specific ecosystems or layers of Earth, which do not reflect the full scope of the biosphere. Limiting the biosphere to just terrestrial or marine environments excludes a significant portion of biological diversity.