Ecological succession refers specifically to the gradual process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time. It involves a series of progressive changes in the composition and community structure of an ecosystem, typically following disturbances or the initial colonization of a barren area. These changes can include shifts in species diversity, the introduction of new species, and alterations in the existing species dynamics as ecosystems respond to environmental changes.
During succession, pioneer species often establish first, followed by intermediate species, which eventually lead to a climax community — a stable and mature ecosystem. This process showcases not just the variability in species present but also how ecosystems can transform and adapt over time, ultimately leading to greater complexity and stability. The progression through different stages can highlight relationships between species and their environments, demonstrating how communities can evolve following disturbances or changes in habitat.