What is genetic variation and why is it important?

Genetic variation refers to the diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population. This variation is crucial because it provides the raw material for evolution and natural selection. When a population has a wide range of genetic variations, it increases the likelihood that some individuals will possess traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in changing environments. This adaptability is essential for the long-term survival of species, as it contributes to their ability to cope with challenges such as diseases, climate changes, and competition for resources.

Diversity in gene frequencies signifies how often different alleles occur within a population. This diversity helps to ensure that some individuals may carry advantageous traits that can lead to better survival and reproduction rates. On the other hand, uniformity in gene expression could limit adaptability, as a homogenous genetic background may render a population more susceptible to threats. Duplication of genetic material, while it can contribute to variation, does not directly define genetic variation as it can lead to redundancy rather than increased diversity. Lastly, a reduction in genetic diversity can be detrimental, as it decreases the population's ability to adapt over time.