What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It articulates how genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA and then from RNA to proteins. This process begins with DNA, which is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in a process called transcription. The mRNA then undergoes translation to synthesize proteins, which perform a vast array of functions within the cell. This framework is fundamental for understanding how genes dictate the characteristics of organisms at a molecular level.

The flow of information starting from DNA, moving to RNA, and culminating in protein production is considered a cornerstone principle in molecular biology. Understanding this sequence is crucial for comprehending how traits are inherited, how cells communicate, and how they function at the molecular level. The central dogma highlights the significance of each biomolecule's role—DNA as the blueprint, RNA as the messenger, and proteins as the effectors of functions.