What is the function of the ribosome?

The primary function of the ribosome is to synthesize proteins. Ribosomes are the molecular machines in the cell responsible for translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into polypeptide chains, which eventually fold into functional proteins. They consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and they can be found either freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (forming rough ER), indicating their crucial role in the process of translation.

During protein synthesis, ribosomes read the codons on the mRNA strand and facilitate the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) that carries corresponding amino acids. This process leads to the formation of peptide bonds, linking amino acids together in the sequence specified by the mRNA. The accurate assembly of proteins is essential for various cellular functions, including structure, signaling, and enzymatic activity.

Other options, while related to cell functions, do not align with the specific role of ribosomes. For instance, the provision of energy is typically associated with organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The transport of molecules is generally the function of cellular membranes and cytoskeletal components, while the regulation of cell division is governed by various regulatory proteins and mechanisms, not by ribosomes directly.