What is the process of photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is fundamentally the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. This process takes place primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).

In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is captured and used to generate ATP and NADPH while splitting water molecules to release oxygen. The ATP and NADPH generated are then utilized in the light-independent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of biochemical steps. Thus, the essence of photosynthesis is this transformation of light energy into a stable, usable form of energy, namely chemical energy in the form of glucose, which plants can later utilize for growth, energy, and cellular processes.

This understanding is central to recognizing the importance of photosynthesis not just for plant life but also for the overall energy flow in the ecosystem, supporting life by producing oxygen and organic compounds.