What is the role of tRNA in translation?

tRNA, or transfer RNA, plays a crucial role in translation, which is the process of synthesizing proteins based on the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA). The primary function of tRNA is to transport and deliver amino acids to the ribosome, the cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA strand, allowing it to ensure that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain in the proper sequence.

This process is essential for accurately translating the genetic code into functional proteins, as the sequence of amino acids ultimately determines a protein’s structure and function. By bringing the appropriate amino acids into the ribosome and accurately matching them with the corresponding codons on the mRNA, tRNA facilitates the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides. This role is fundamental for the overall production of proteins in all living organisms.