What is the significance of keystone species in an ecosystem?

Keystone species play a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community. Their significance arises from the fact that they have a disproportionately large impact on their environment compared to their abundance. This means that even if a keystone species is not the most numerous within an ecosystem, its presence or absence can lead to dramatic changes in the ecosystem. For example, predators like sea otters are considered keystone species because they help control the population of sea urchins. If sea otters were removed, sea urchin populations might explode, leading to the overgrazing of kelp forests, which are vital habitats for many marine organisms.

The influence of keystone species extends beyond simple numbers; it encompasses their role in nutrient cycling, habitat creation, and the overall balance of ecosystems. Their activities support the stability and biodiversity of ecosystems, hence illustrating their importance in ecological studies and conservation efforts.