What is true about covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons, which allows each atom to attain a more stable electron configuration, commonly resembling that of noble gases. This sharing of electrons is fundamental to the formation of molecules, as it leads to the creation of distinct chemical structures with specific properties. The strength and stability of covalent bonds arise from the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and the negatively charged electrons they share.

Understanding the nature of covalent bonds is crucial, as they are foundational to the chemistry of life, forming the backbone of organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. The ability to form single, double, or even triple bonds, as a result of sharing one, two, or three pairs of electrons respectively, demonstrates the versatility and significance of covalent bonding in biological systems.