What molecule carries genetic information in cells?

The molecule that carries genetic information in cells is DNA. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in almost all living organisms. It contains the instructions needed for an organism's development, functioning, growth, and reproduction. The structure of DNA, which is a double helix composed of nucleotide sequences, allows it to store complex information. Genes, which are segments of DNA, are responsible for coding the specific proteins that perform various functions within cells.

RNA, while important for various roles in gene expression and protein synthesis, primarily acts as a messenger and does not serve as the long-term store of genetic information. Proteins, although crucial for performing many cellular functions, are products of the instructions encoded in DNA and do not themselves carry genetic information. Carbohydrates, while essential for energy and structural role in cells, do not have any role in storing genetic information.