Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria are referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are primarily responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of the cell. They accomplish this through the process of oxidative phosphorylation and the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the inner membranes of the mitochondria. This conversion of the energy stored in chemical bonds of nutrients into ATP enables cells to perform various functions, including metabolism, growth, and division.

The structure of mitochondria also supports their role in energy production. They have a double membrane, with the inner membrane being highly folded into structures called cristae, which increases surface area for chemical reactions related to ATP production.

Understanding the specific function of mitochondria helps to illustrate why they are known as the powerhouse, as their health and efficiency are critical for the energy needs of the cell, influencing overall cellular and organismal function.